What is on Big Idea III Test b

•          History of DNA research

–        Griffiths

–        Hershey – Chase

–        Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

–        Watson and Crick / Franklin and Wilkins

•          DNA structure

–        Complementarity

–        Nucleotide

–        Antiparallel configuration

–        5’ – 3’

•          DNA replication

–        Semiconservative, in a 5’ – 3’ direction

–        Replication fork

–        Leading strand, lagging strand, and Okazaki fragment

–        Mutations

–        Point mutations

–        Chromosomal mutations

•          Concept of the gene has changed

–        Garrod’s observation and hypothesis

–        One gene, one protein

•          The Central Dogma

–        Transcription

–        mRNA processing

•          Exons

•          Introns

–        Translation

•          The process of translation

•          The standard genetic code

•          Point mutations and the genetic code

–        Post translation protein modification

•          Gene expression strategies

•          The OPERON

–        lac operon

–        trp operon

–        How it works and is regulated

•          Eukaryotes

–        Promoter structure

–        Initiation of transcription

–        Epigenetic changes

–        Alternate splicing of mRNA